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1982/08/03
| USD / Oncia | |
| Gold | 355.5 | |
| Silver | 708.5 |
Gold Storica dei prezzi dell'oro e Grafico Grafico
360 giorni grafico ,
1 Ounce Gold=? USD
Silver Storica dei prezzi Grafico Argento e grafico
360 giorni grafico ,
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Gold News:
- Electron Precipitation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Electron precipitation refers to the dominant energy source in the upper atmosphere, originating from the loss of electrons in the magnetosphere and their subsequent impact on the ionosphere It is a key element in bridging the ionosphere-magnetosphere system and is modeled in global geospace circulation models to understand and simulate this
- Electron Precipitation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Compared to electron precipitation, ion precipitation typically plays a secondary role in affecting the ionospheric electrodynamics, as the ions usually carry much less energy flux and contribute less to the ionization rate in the upper atmosphere due to their larger mass and shorter mean free path in the dense atmosphere Nevertheless, ion
- Energetic particle dynamics, precipitation, and conductivity
Section 4 4 continues the discussion started in 4 2 Observations of multiscale convection, precipitation, and conductivity, 4 3 Simulating particle precipitation of magnetospheric origin in global models regarding the resulting ionosphere conductance, delving more deeply into empirical and data assimilative techniques This chapter describes
- Atmospheric effects and signatures of high-energy electron precipitation
The most recent experiment to measure balloon-based X-ray signatures of electron precipitation was the Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) mission (Millan et al , 2013, Halford et al , 2015) BARREL was designed to make measurements with multiple balloons simultaneously, spread out in local time, to measure
- Energetic electron precipitation into the atmosphere
The mechanism of NO x and HO x formation described above is the same for all types of energetic particle precipitation—SPEs, energetic electron precipitation related to auroral and geomagnetic activity, and GCRs—and there is ample observational evidence dating back to the 1970s that large SPEs have a strong immediate impact on the
- Remote sensing of electron precipitation mechanisms enabled by ELFIN . . .
DMSP-ELFIN conjunctions have already been used to study energetic electron precipitation embedded within sub-auroral polarization streams (SAPS) (Artemyev et al , 2024b) and energetic electron losses from plasma sheet injections (Shen et al , 2022a) These types of studies are only possible thanks to the extensive coverage ELFIN provided
- Ring current electron precipitation during the 17 March 2013 . . .
The most significant electron precipitation due to chorus is found from the nightside to dawn sectors over radial distances from 4 to 6 5 according to Ni et al (2014) and cause the most intensive precipitation in the dawn-to-noon sector according to Yu et al (2022)
- Energy distribution asymmetry of electron precipitation signatures at . . .
The signatures of unaccelerated electron precipitation from electron spikes make up ∼ 70 % of this total, occurring on 29 8% of MEX orbits, and are therefore the most common form of electron precipitation signature at Mars This compares to signatures of accelerated electron precipitation from peaked electrons and “inverted-V” electrons
- Characteristics of energetic electron precipitation into the earths . . .
Applying such a procedure we have estimated X,,, and m-values for each electron precipitation event observed in the stratosphere in the northern and southern polar regions since 1957 The data presented in Figure 2 give the distributions of X~ and m - values for electron precipitation events observed in Murmansk region (1957-1999)
- Impact of different energies of precipitating particles on NO
The model study of Rozanov et al (2005) was based on a 1 year simulation, 15 years of observations reported by Sinnhuber et al (2006) also suggest that there is a relation between energetic electron precipitation (GOES observed electron fluxes) and middle stratospheric ozone observed from ozone soundings in the Arctic
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